WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:04.070 (gentle environmental music) 2 00:00:05.350 --> 00:00:06.680 Let's start with the big picture. 3 00:00:06.680 --> 00:00:09.260 What excites you most about the field of CGT, 4 00:00:09.260 --> 00:00:11.410 and what do you see as the major challenges 5 00:00:11.410 --> 00:00:13.560 over the next three to five years? 6 00:00:13.560 --> 00:00:16.350 Well, I think there are couple of exciting areas. 7 00:00:16.350 --> 00:00:19.970 One in on the cell-based gene therapy end of things, 8 00:00:19.970 --> 00:00:22.650 the other is on directly administrated gene therapy. 9 00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:24.420 For cell-based gene therapy, 10 00:00:24.420 --> 00:00:27.830 that is the chimeric antigen receptor, T-cells primarily, 11 00:00:27.830 --> 00:00:32.830 we've really seen progress there with the manufacturing, 12 00:00:34.040 --> 00:00:35.700 the development of these, 13 00:00:35.700 --> 00:00:40.170 so they're becoming more routinely 14 00:00:40.170 --> 00:00:42.690 progressing through the development process. 15 00:00:42.690 --> 00:00:46.510 So that we see, now we're starting to see them appear, 16 00:00:46.510 --> 00:00:50.050 multiple approvals per year, 17 00:00:50.050 --> 00:00:54.070 branching out from just the one target. 18 00:00:54.070 --> 00:00:55.968 And then, I think on 19 00:00:55.968 --> 00:01:00.590 the directly administered gene therapies, 20 00:01:00.590 --> 00:01:02.140 we've seen a lot of progress. 21 00:01:02.140 --> 00:01:04.190 I mean, we're starting to get into bumping 22 00:01:04.190 --> 00:01:07.310 into some toxicities, understandably so, 23 00:01:07.310 --> 00:01:11.080 but we're also seeing progress made 24 00:01:11.080 --> 00:01:15.110 in terms of positive results, 25 00:01:15.110 --> 00:01:19.210 improvements in manufacturing technologies, 26 00:01:19.210 --> 00:01:24.060 and also, starting to see branching out 27 00:01:24.060 --> 00:01:28.570 into people thinking about using things that are 28 00:01:28.570 --> 00:01:30.350 as kind of cutting edge 29 00:01:30.350 --> 00:01:35.347 as directly administered, or in vivo genome editing, 30 00:01:35.347 --> 00:01:39.550 which once we get over the issues with off target effects, 31 00:01:39.550 --> 00:01:41.703 could be really transformative.