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- Andrew, thank you so much.

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It's great to have you
talk about mitigation

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and adaptation together.

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Why is it so important

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to think about these two things together?

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- Well, I think as, as you
at BCG have pointed out

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so well in, in your analysis,
we've reached a stage now

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where if we don't adapt,
we are in deep trouble.

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But there is a limit to adaptation.

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And so we need to think much
more creatively about how

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to do the two together.

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- So we can't adapt our way
out of climate change.

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So we need to keep within
a reasonable pathway

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and mitigation, we've got to do both.

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So what advice would you have for public

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and private sector leaders and
how do you take this forward?

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- Well, first we need to
kill the myth that says

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that private sector doesn't adapt.

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The private sector has
always had to adapt.

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The problem is we need bigger efforts.

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So moving forward, we need
private sector to work together

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with other private sector,
together with governments,

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together with citizens' groups.

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And that requires a sort
of somewhat different

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governance structure.

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It's much harder, at some extent,
at the international level,

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and the national level, happens much

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better at the local level.

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So many of the most exciting
innovations happen in cities,

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happen in rural counties, and so on.

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And we need to learn from those

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and then upgrade those to
the national level as well.

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- That level of decentralization

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of innovation in this space
is probably going to serve

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us well.

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What we now need to do is to show
how the adaptation agenda

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and the mitigation
agenda can work together.

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- Andrew, it's great to,
to hear about the potential

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with this intersection
between adaptation, mitigation,

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and potentially other co-benefits.

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What's a good example that
gives you encouragement?

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- Well, there are many, but one would be

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landscape restoration.

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There are 2 billion hectares
in the world of degraded land

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up there in the upper
atmosphere, molecules

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of carbon dioxide causing a
lot of damage, bring them down

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to earth through the
magic of photosynthesis,

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and they become trees and bushes and crops

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and soils where instead
of causing trouble,

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they bring resilience, they
make your soils richer,

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they help water management,

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they make food security easier to achieve.

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Yields increase, farmer incomes increase.

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And by the way, you're also
helping to solve the problem

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of climate change by taking

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that carbon dioxide out of
the atmosphere.

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The interesting thing here,
Dave, is that, that actually

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often if you look at
one individual gain from

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landscape restoration, it won't add up

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to getting the return unit you need.

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But actually, if you
look at all the gains,

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these are fabulous returns.

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And the big unlock at the moment is

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how do you get the
private sector to invest?

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How do we create the institutions

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and the intermediating processes
that enable serious money

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to go in to this wonderful
win-win-win opportunity?

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- Fantastic example,
Andrew.Thank you so much.

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- Thank you.