WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.184 --> 00:00:02.767 (lively music) 2 00:00:06.570 --> 00:00:07.403 Good morning. 3 00:00:07.403 --> 00:00:08.970 Really good to see you, Giulia. 4 00:00:08.970 --> 00:00:11.580 I'm really looking forward to this conversation 5 00:00:11.580 --> 00:00:12.810 and to hear your thoughts. 6 00:00:12.810 --> 00:00:15.420 Where are we now with decarbonizing gas markets 7 00:00:15.420 --> 00:00:18.330 in particular, hydrogen and policy around it? 8 00:00:18.330 --> 00:00:19.650 What is the current state of play? 9 00:00:19.650 --> 00:00:20.880 In terms of the gas market, 10 00:00:20.880 --> 00:00:24.360 so the future transition to the hydrogen market, 11 00:00:24.360 --> 00:00:29.190 I think now, it is really momentum time. 12 00:00:29.190 --> 00:00:33.420 We do have all the European legislation falling into place 13 00:00:33.420 --> 00:00:36.300 with some of the most relevant EU dossiers 14 00:00:36.300 --> 00:00:38.460 that have already been finalized. 15 00:00:38.460 --> 00:00:41.898 A renewable energy directive reached an agreement 16 00:00:41.898 --> 00:00:43.230 at the trial, it's 17 00:00:43.230 --> 00:00:47.490 one of the most relevant bits of the puzzle. 18 00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:49.980 So I think it's a really interesting time. 19 00:00:49.980 --> 00:00:54.630 I think that there's a need for a lot of coordination 20 00:00:54.630 --> 00:00:58.380 at EU level and national level. 21 00:00:58.380 --> 00:01:00.840 And I think we need to move fast. 22 00:01:00.840 --> 00:01:02.280 Moving fast? 23 00:01:02.280 --> 00:01:03.213 How fast? 24 00:01:04.320 --> 00:01:08.400 Well, fast enough, as in the targets are very ambitious. 25 00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:11.700 So for biomethane, I think that the market is mature 26 00:01:11.700 --> 00:01:13.980 and the conditions are already there. 27 00:01:13.980 --> 00:01:16.890 There are a number of support schemes already available 28 00:01:16.890 --> 00:01:19.890 in a number of countries in Europe. 29 00:01:19.890 --> 00:01:21.540 That needs to happen for hydrogen as well. 30 00:01:21.540 --> 00:01:23.370 But hydrogen is a bit more complex 31 00:01:23.370 --> 00:01:26.730 because it needs, again, a greater degree of coordination. 32 00:01:26.730 --> 00:01:29.160 What do you see the role of players like Snam 33 00:01:29.160 --> 00:01:30.120 in this conundrum? 34 00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:33.750 Snam is the largest transmission infrastructure operator 35 00:01:33.750 --> 00:01:38.670 in Europe and is strategically located in the sense 36 00:01:38.670 --> 00:01:40.740 that it can play the role of a bridge 37 00:01:40.740 --> 00:01:44.310 infrastructure bridge between North Africa and Europe. 38 00:01:44.310 --> 00:01:47.310 So in this capacity Snam can play a big role 39 00:01:47.310 --> 00:01:51.120 in ensuring that exports come through from Northern Africa 40 00:01:51.120 --> 00:01:55.230 through Central Europe, both from a technical point of view, 41 00:01:55.230 --> 00:01:56.820 so in terms of what Snam can do 42 00:01:56.820 --> 00:01:59.910 from a technical point of view, asset readiness. 43 00:01:59.910 --> 00:02:02.190 And also from an integration point of view 44 00:02:02.190 --> 00:02:03.870 with the other operators 45 00:02:03.870 --> 00:02:05.940 including the electricity operators. 46 00:02:05.940 --> 00:02:08.370 And the link with electricity operators. 47 00:02:08.370 --> 00:02:10.410 Could you elaborate a bit more on that? 48 00:02:10.410 --> 00:02:12.720 I think there is a great extent 49 00:02:12.720 --> 00:02:15.210 that the transmission system operator can do together 50 00:02:15.210 --> 00:02:20.190 to ensure that the overall cost systems are minimized 51 00:02:20.190 --> 00:02:23.190 when it comes to hydrogen in terms of identifying 52 00:02:23.190 --> 00:02:26.730 the best locations for electrolyzers to be placed 53 00:02:26.730 --> 00:02:29.010 and the reduction of curtailment cost 54 00:02:29.010 --> 00:02:32.190 associated with renewables and the network enhancements 55 00:02:32.190 --> 00:02:36.450 that if we plan right, may not need to take place. 56 00:02:36.450 --> 00:02:40.140 How do you see the role of policy going forward in Europe? 57 00:02:40.140 --> 00:02:42.510 What do we need and what do we maybe already have? 58 00:02:42.510 --> 00:02:43.680 The policy in Europe 59 00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:46.380 has reached a good degree of maturity. 60 00:02:46.380 --> 00:02:49.710 So there are some significant policy milestones 61 00:02:49.710 --> 00:02:51.060 that are already in place. 62 00:02:51.060 --> 00:02:53.130 So in terms of what's missing, I mean, 63 00:02:53.130 --> 00:02:55.980 the bigger missing piece is the gas package. 64 00:02:55.980 --> 00:02:59.291 So the future European hydrogen backbone is going to be 65 00:02:59.291 --> 00:03:04.290 based for over 70% of repurposed gas infrastructure. 66 00:03:04.290 --> 00:03:07.380 It needs to be smooth and clear-- 67 00:03:07.380 --> 00:03:10.560 the whole repurposing process. 68 00:03:10.560 --> 00:03:14.160 Another point is around the financeability 69 00:03:14.160 --> 00:03:15.480 of the infrastructure itself. 70 00:03:15.480 --> 00:03:18.750 There is a lot of discussion about cross-subsidies 71 00:03:18.750 --> 00:03:21.210 and tariff discounts for renewable gases, 72 00:03:21.210 --> 00:03:22.230 including hydrogen. 73 00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:24.645 The final outcome needs to be that 74 00:03:24.645 --> 00:03:27.780 the European hydrogen backbone is financeable. 75 00:03:27.780 --> 00:03:32.780 So the financeability depends clearly also on the speed 76 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:36.690 at which governments will deploy support 77 00:03:36.690 --> 00:03:38.670 to end users and production. 78 00:03:38.670 --> 00:03:42.870 So you know, the three segments of production and use, 79 00:03:42.870 --> 00:03:45.660 and infrastructure need to be seen 80 00:03:45.660 --> 00:03:50.520 in their whole system way. 81 00:03:50.520 --> 00:03:54.323 So maybe to conclude, if we are, 82 00:03:54.323 --> 00:03:59.323 the way I've been listening, it's all about system thinking. 83 00:03:59.460 --> 00:04:02.460 It is about making sure there is infrastructure. 84 00:04:02.460 --> 00:04:04.620 We haven't, maybe as a final question, 85 00:04:04.620 --> 00:04:09.510 spoken about off-takers. Come forward ten years, 86 00:04:09.510 --> 00:04:13.560 what do you see as the first larger off-takers 87 00:04:13.560 --> 00:04:15.810 going off natural gas and using hydrogen? 88 00:04:15.810 --> 00:04:18.330 I think blending when it comes to the discussion 89 00:04:18.330 --> 00:04:22.590 on off-takers is something that is important 90 00:04:22.590 --> 00:04:25.260 that is allowed at member state level 91 00:04:25.260 --> 00:04:29.310 in so far this is functional to the delivery in time 92 00:04:29.310 --> 00:04:33.300 of efficient hydrogen integrated markets. 93 00:04:33.300 --> 00:04:34.133 Thank you, Giulia. 94 00:04:34.133 --> 00:04:35.649 Thank you very much, Erik.